Ali's Wonderland: 2015

2015年11月11日星期三

Arduino 0 連結

TED ------ Massimo Banzi: Arduino 是如何打開想像力的

Arduino 課程
Arduino入門套件中文字幕教學第一課
Arduino 入門套件中文字幕教學第二課
Arduino 入門套件中文字幕教學第三課

2015年11月9日星期一

Arduino 9：超聲波測距離

超聲波感測器 HCSR04

const byte trigPin = 10; // 超音波模組的觸發腳
const int echoPin = 9; // 超音波模組的接收腳
unsigned long d; // 儲存高脈衝的持續時間
unsigned long ping() {
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); // 觸發腳設定成高電位
delayMicroseconds(5); // 持續 5 微秒
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // 觸發腳設定成低電位
return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // 傳回高脈衝的持續時間
}
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // 觸發腳設定成「輸出」
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // 接收腳設定成「輸入」
Serial.begin(9600); // 初始化序列埠
}
void loop(){
d = ping() / 58; // 把高脈衝時間值換算成公分單位
Serial.print(d); // 顯示距離
Serial.print("cm");
Serial.println();
delay(1000); // 等待一秒鐘（每隔一秒測量一次）
}

顯示在LCD上

//------------------------- LCD
//Library version:1.1
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100
#define printByte(args) write(args);
#else
#define printByte(args) print(args,BYTE);
#endif
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line
//-------------------------
//+ + + + + + + + + + + 超音波模組
const byte trigPin = 13; // 超音波模組的觸發腳
const int echoPin = 12; // 超音波模組的接收腳
unsigned long d; // 儲存高脈衝的持續時間
unsigned long ping() {
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); // 觸發腳設定成高電位
delayMicroseconds(5); // 持續 5 微秒
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // 觸發腳設定成低電位
return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // 傳回高脈衝的持續時間
}
//+ + + + + + + + + + +
void setup() {
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print ("Distance= ");
//------------------------- LCD
//+ + + + + + + + + + + 超音波模組
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // 觸發腳設定成「輸出」
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // 接收腳設定成「輸入」
//Serial.begin(9600); // 初始化序列埠
//+ + + + + + + + + + +
}
void loop(){
//+ + + + + + + + + + + 超音波模組
d = ping() / 58; // 把高脈衝時間值換算成公分單位
//Serial.print(d); // 顯示距離
//Serial.print("cm");
//Serial.println();
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print((unsigned long) d );
// lcd.setCursor(14, 1);
lcd.print ("cm");
//------------------------- LCD
delay(1000); // 等待一秒鐘（每隔一秒測量一次）
}

Arduino 8：溫度量測，來個LCD顯示

DS18B20

需要引入函式庫

#include <OneWire.h>
int DS18S20_Pin = 2; //DS18S20 Signal pin on digital 2
//Temperature chip i/o
OneWire ds(DS18S20_Pin); // on digital pin 2
void setup(void) {
Serial.begin(9600); //從螢幕上監測
}
void loop(void) {
float temperature = getTemp();
Serial.println(temperature);
delay(100); //just here to slow down the output so it is easier to read
}
float getTemp(){
//returns the temperature from one DS18S20 in DEG Celsius
byte data[12];
byte addr[8];
if ( !ds.search(addr)) {
//no more sensors on chain, reset search
ds.reset_search();
return -1000;
}
if ( OneWire::crc8( addr, 7) != addr[7]) {
Serial.println("CRC is not valid!");
return -1000;
}
if ( addr[0] != 0x10 && addr[0] != 0x28) {
Serial.print("Device is not recognized");
return -1000;
}
ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0x44,1); // start conversion, with parasite power on at the end
byte present = ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0xBE); // Read Scratchpad
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { // we need 9 bytes
data[i] = ds.read();
}
ds.reset_search();
byte MSB = data[1];
byte LSB = data[0];
float tempRead = ((MSB << 8) | LSB); //using two's compliment
float TemperatureSum = tempRead / 16;
return TemperatureSum;
}

改成將結果輸出到LCD

//------------------------- LCD
//Library version:1.1
#include <OneWire.h> // DS18S20 waterproof溫度模組
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100
#define printByte(args) write(args);
#else
#define printByte(args) print(args,BYTE);
#endif
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line
//-------------------------
int DS18S20_Pin = 2; //DS18S20 溫度Signal pin on digital 2
//Temperature chip i/o
OneWire ds(DS18S20_Pin); // on digital pin 2
void setup() {
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print ("Temp.=");
//------------------------- LCD
}
void loop(){
float temperature = getTemp();
//Serial.println(temperature);
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
lcd.print(temperature, 3 );
lcd.print((char)223); //度
lcd.print("C");
//------------------------- LCD
delay(100); //just here to slow down the output so it is easier to read
// delay(1000); // 等待一秒鐘（每隔一秒測量一次）
}
float getTemp(){
//returns the temperature from one DS18S20 in DEG Celsius
byte data[12];
byte addr[8];
if ( !ds.search(addr)) {
//no more sensors on chain, reset search
ds.reset_search();
return -1000;
}
if ( OneWire::crc8( addr, 7) != addr[7]) {
Serial.println("CRC is not valid!");
return -1000;
}
if ( addr[0] != 0x10 && addr[0] != 0x28) {
Serial.print("Device is not recognized");
return -1000;
}
ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0x44,1); // start conversion, with parasite power on at the end
byte present = ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0xBE); // Read Scratchpad
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { // we need 9 bytes
data[i] = ds.read();
}
ds.reset_search();
byte MSB = data[1];
byte LSB = data[0];
float tempRead = ((MSB << 8) | LSB); //using two's compliment
float TemperatureSum = tempRead / 16;
return TemperatureSum;
}

Arduino 7： LCD--將數值輸出到LCD

LCD

Arduino控制器的控制埠數量實在是有限,連接幾個感測器,通訊設備什麼的,你就會發現埠不夠用了,還想擴展一個液晶顯示器,怎麼辦？
為了解決上述問題,我們開發的I2C介面的LCD顯示器,I2C只需兩根線就可以實現資料顯示,還可以串聯多個I2C設備。標準IIC介面,除了Arduino可以使用之外,其他單片機同樣可以進行驅動控制。
I2C LCD1602液晶模組,可以顯示2行,每行16個字元。對於Arduino初學者來說,不必為繁瑣複雜液晶驅動電路連線而頭疼了,這款LCD擴展板將電路簡化,使用相關文檔中的庫檔,您只需使用幾行簡單的Arduino控制代碼便能完成LCD控制顯示的功能。
I2C LCD1602液晶模組背面的電位器還能提供你調節液晶顯示器對比度的功能。
新版的IIC LCD模組支援gadgeteer介面，並且具有位址設置功能，可以通過跳線設置位址（0x20-0x27）。

需引入函式庫

//------------------------- LCD
//Library version:1.1
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100
#define printByte(args) write(args);
#else
#define printByte(args) print(args,BYTE);
#endif
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
//-------------------------
void setup(){
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();
lcd.home();
lcd.print ("Hello world...");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); //設定游標位置
lcd.print ("CTJH");
//------------------------- LCD
}
//------------------------- LCD 每隔 interval 閃爍，測試用
int backlightState = LOW;
long previousMillis = 0;
long interval = 1000;
//-------------------------
void loop(){
//------------------------- LCD 每隔 interval 閃爍，測試用
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if(currentMillis - previousMillis > interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
if (backlightState == LOW)
backlightState = HIGH;
else
backlightState = LOW;
if(backlightState == HIGH) lcd.backlight();
else lcd.noBacklight();
}
//-------------------------
}

2015年11月8日星期日

Arduino 6：光學特雷明-- 聲音與光學的樂器

Light Theremin
光學特雷明

// variable to hold sensor value
int sensorValue;
// variable to calibrate low value
int sensorLow = 1023;
// variable to calibrate high value
int sensorHigh = 0;
// LED pin
const int ledPin = 13;
void setup() {
// Make the LED pin an output and turn it on
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
// calibrate for the first five seconds after program runs
while (millis() < 5000) {
//keep record of the maximum sensor value
sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
if (sensorValue > sensorHigh) {
sensorHigh = sensorValue;
}
// record the minimum sensor value
if (sensorValue < sensorLow) {
sensorLow = sensorValue;
}
}
// turn the LED off, signaling the end of the calibration period
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
void loop() {
//read the input from A0 and store it in a variable
sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
// map the sensor values to a wide range of pitches
int pitch = map(sensorValue, sensorLow, sensorHigh, 50, 4000);
// play the tone for 20 ms on pin 8
tone(8, pitch, 20);
// wait for a moment
delay(10);
}

Arduino 5：馬達控制--使用IRF520控制轉速

延續上一篇的利用IRF520控制1W的LED，並且加上[可變電阻]直接控制轉速

// named constants for the switch and motor pins
const int motorPin = 9; // the number of the motor pin
const int potentialPin= 0; // potential meter
int value = 0;
void setup() {
// initialize the motor pin as an output:
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the switch pin as an input:
// pinMode(potentialPin, INPUT); No need declare Analog
}
void loop(){
value = analogRead(potentialPin);
int intensity = map(value, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
analogWrite( motorPin , intensity);
}

多加個[開關]，只有在按下[開關]時，馬達才會運轉

// named constants for the switch and motor pins
const int switchPin = 2; // the number of the switch pin
const int motorPin = 9; // the number of the motor pin
const int potentialPin= 0; // potential meter
int switchState = 0; // variable for reading the switch's status
void setup() {
// initialize the motor pin as an output:
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the switch pin as an input:
pinMode(switchPin, INPUT);
// pinMode(potentialPin, INPUT); No need declare Analog
}
void loop(){
// read the state of the switch value:
switchState = digitalRead(switchPin);
int value = analogRead(potentialPin);
int intensity= map(value, 0, 1023, 0,255);
// check if the switch is pressed.
if (switchState == HIGH) {
// turn motor on:
// digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motorPin, intensity);
}
else {
// turn motor off:
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
}
}

Arduino 4：LED 1W

要控制1W的LED必須要有足夠的電流：

Arduino 可利用[IRF520]當作開關，控制1W LED：

加上按鈕開關，控制LED是否亮起：

加入[可變電阻]當作輸入，控制1W LED的閃爍頻率：

const int motorPin = 9; // the number of the motor pin
const int potentialPin= 0; // potential meter
int value = 0;
void setup() {
// initialize the motor pin as an output:
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the switch pin as an input:
// pinMode(potentialPin, INPUT); No need declare Analog
Serial.begin(9600); //顯示在螢幕上
}
void loop(){
value = analogRead(potentialPin);
// Serial.print("value=");
// Serial.println(value);
if(value == 0){
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
else{
int frequency = map(value, 0, 1023, 0,30); //控制頻率
// Serial.print("freq=");
// Serial.println(frequency);
//int interval = (1/ frequency) *1000* 0.5; //週期的一半 (毫秒)
int interval = 500/ frequency;
// Serial.print("interval=");
// Serial.println(interval);
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
delay(interval);
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
delay(interval);
}
}

將閃爍的頻率，顯示在LCD上：

//------------------------- LCD
//Library version:1.1
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100
#define printByte(args) write(args);
#else
#define printByte(args) print(args,BYTE);
#endif
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
// ^'20'改成"27" ,for "PCF8574"
// SDA --> "A4"
// SCL --> "A5"
//-------------------------
// named constants for the switch and motor pins
const int motorPin = 9; // the number of the motor pin
const int potentialPin= 0; // potential meter
int value = 0;
void setup() {
// initialize the motor pin as an output:
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the switch pin as an input:
// pinMode(potentialPin, INPUT); No need declare Analog
Serial.begin(9600);
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();
// lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
// lcd.print ("freq. =");
// lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// lcd.print ("period=");
//------------------------- LCD
}
void loop(){
value = analogRead(potentialPin);
// Serial.print("value=");
// Serial.println(value);
if(value == 0){
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print ("freq. =");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print ("period=");
lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
lcd.print(0);
lcd.setCursor(8, 1);
lcd.print(0);
//------------------------- LCD
}
else{
int frequency = map(value, 0, 1023, 0,30); //控制頻率
// Serial.print("freq=");
// Serial.println(frequency);
//int interval = (1/ frequency) *1000* 0.5; //週期的一半 (毫秒)
int interval = 500/ frequency;
// Serial.print("interval=");
// Serial.println(interval);
//------------------------- LCD
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print ("freq. =");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print ("period=");
lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
lcd.print(frequency);
lcd.setCursor(8, 1);
lcd.print(2*interval);
lcd.setCursor(13, 1);
lcd.print("ms");
//------------------------- LCD
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
delay(interval);
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
delay(interval);
}
}